James Hafner

I am skilled at developing people, clarifying direction, and building the conditions for great work. My practice sits at the intersection of product strategy, organizational design, and user experience, directing teams that ship products to millions of users.

With 10+ years leading large UX organizations at enterprise technology companies, I translate complex business challenges into scalable design solutions, aligning teams, stakeholders, and strategy to drive measurable outcomes.

Let's grab a coffee and chat. Drop me an email or a note on LinkedIn.

James Hafner
James is a tremendous UX leader with a deep understanding of user needs and product pain points. He brings strategic vision and genuine insight to every conversation, helping shape the direction of our work while creating space for the team to explore, experiment, and push ideas further.
Micaela Dodson Micaela Dodson Sr. UX Content Designer

Experience

  • User Experience Director Indeed 2022–2026

    Promoted twice to lead UX across Indeed's core business verticals on both sides of the marketplace. Took a $200M product to $550M in two years. Shipped two core AI B2B products. Led a 16-person UX org within a 120-person product team.

  • User Experience Manager Indeed 2020–2022

    Responsible for the UX of the highest-trafficked job seeker surfaces on Indeed.com (~200M MAU). Transformed and modernized the job seeker discovery experiences that accounted for millions of additional hires. Led a 9-person UX org within an 85-person product team.

  • Creative Director Medici Technologies 2019-2019

    Rebuilt and led the design team, and worked alongside executives on product and business strategy. I helped design patent-pending innovations in healthcare tech. Built a 3-person UX org within a 20-person product team.

  • Creative Director Chiron Health 2016–2018

    Player/coach responsible for UX/IA Design, and partnered with the CEO on a vision that resulted in the company's successful acquisition. Led UX as a team of one within a 6-person product team.

View Full Resume

Work

01

Leading UX for an Agentic Sourcing Product

Directed UX strategy from a 5-person tiger team to GA launch across a 40-person product org.

View case study
02

Moving a Chatbot Product Beyond Its Modality

Identified that Talent Scout's chatbot interface was holding back creativity and innovation, and directed an 8-month strategy shift that earned CTO endorsement.

View case study
03

Aligning Two Flagship Launches Through Platform Influence

Used influence and coalition-building to re-sequence a peer team's roadmap, eliminating throwaway code and aligning two major launches.

View private case study
04

Guiding a Team to Survive Multiple Simultaneous Transitions

Navigated a reorg, four senior departures, and a mid-launch lead transition without losing delivery velocity.

View private case study

Let's chat about design leadership, mountain bikes, or the changing tech landscape.

Case Study

Leading UX for an Agentic Sourcing Product from Zero to GA


Role UX Director, Sourcing
Company Indeed
Team UX Design: 4 (lead, senior)
Research: 3 (lead, senior)
Content: 2 (senior)
Timeframe Fall 2025 to Spring 2026

I led the UX work on a zero to one AI Sourcing product for Indeed, Sourcing Assistant, and helped shape the system around it so it could deliver value to both customers and the business. We went from a blank whiteboard to a GA launch in five months. Along the way, we scaled from a small tiger team to a full org that also encompassed the legacy sourcing product.

The new agentic experience grew revenue by double digit percentages, decreased average time to hire by six days, and started to shift employer spend from manual sourcing to automated sourcing.

Alpha Nov 2025
SMB Beta Feb 2026
Enterprise Beta Mar 2026
GA Apr – May 2026
  • Alpha Nov 2025
  • SMB Beta Feb 2026
  • Enterprise Beta Mar 2026
  • GA Apr – May 2026
Product timeline: Alpha (November 2025) → SMB Beta (February 2026) → Enterprise Beta (March 2026) → GA (April and May 2026).

Context

In fall 2025, a reorg created a Sourcing Steering Committee over two efforts: an existing Sourcing team and a new AI Sourcing stream. The AI Sourcing work had been in motion for about eight months before I arrived, with an Alpha already designed and built. I joined as part of a small tiger team that was asked to rethink the product from first principles.

It became clear to me that the previous team had been trying to solve the wrong problem: outreach automation. However, employers wanted us to solve the tedium of finding qualified candidates.

This wasn't an abstract framing problem. In an Indeed/Harris Poll survey, 71% of hiring managers said rising application volume had made it harder to find qualified candidates, and 93% said they'd lost strong candidates because their hiring process took too long.

The goal was to automate enough of the sourcing workflow that an employer no longer needed to be a trained recruiter to find good candidates. The same users already had a manual, keyword driven sourcing product one tab away. Along the way, we challenged our assumptions and learned how employers built trust in automated products.

Halfway through the project, the CEO moved the timeline up by two months. That compressed our learning window and forced us to discover, design, and build a product with a new process playbook.

Screenshot of Indeed's existing Smart Sourcing product — the manual, keyword-driven tool that Sourcing Assistant had to coexist with in the same employer workflow
Smart Sourcing: the existing manual sourcing product employers already knew. AI Sourcing had to earn trust inside the same surface, one tab away from something familiar.

TLDR

  • Inherited a pre-reorg Alpha and used its learnings to define a new Beta direction from scratch.
  • Reframed Sourcing Assistant to sit alongside the manual product in a CEO-accelerated timeline.

My role

My responsibility was to define and hold the UX strategy for AI Sourcing from Alpha through GA and to build the conditions around it so the product could land and grow.

Concretely, that meant:

Strategy

Defining what the product actually was, not only what it looked like, including the agent's autonomy model, trust strategy, and where in the funnel users retained or gave up control.

Team

Leading Sourcing Assistant design, research, and content work from the start, then growing and reshaping the UX team as the AI Sourcing product and engineering org grew.

Influence

Using a seat on the Sourcing Steering Committee to influence platform-level decisions, such as accelerating a peer team's modernization milestone so Sourcing Assistant could ship on the new surface, and repeatedly advocating for a staged automation model.

Process

Co-creating a research operating model that compressed validation from weeks to days. That model, Rapid Discovery, began as a way to keep this team grounded in behavior and eventually became a template for others.

TLDR

  • Defined and held UX strategy for AI Sourcing from Alpha through GA, and shaped the design, research, and content teams around it.
  • Used a Steering Committee seat to influence platform decisions, automation debates, and the research operating model.

Turning Alpha Signals Into a Trust Framework

Alpha launched in mid November 2025 with thirty two customers across small, mid market, and enterprise segments. Within three weeks, we saw strong match quality and early hiring outcomes, but also clear friction for users who were not already comfortable with LLM based products.

When Alpha closed, I led the synthesis and translated what we had learned into three design bets that would anchor the Beta experience:

Trust building

Customers needed visible evidence that the agent was making decisions similar to what they would have done. Without that, automation read as a black box. Some users abandoned the agent. Others tried to micromanage it into something more predictable.

Activity visibility

The most common question in Alpha sessions was "What is it doing right now". People wanted a real time sense of what the agent was doing on their behalf, not an occasional summary.

Outreach previews

Outreach was the highest stakes moment in the flow, because messages went out under the employer's name. Employers wanted to see, edit, and approve those messages before they went out.

Individually these look like UX improvements. Taken together they formed a trust framework for an agent that sat next to a manual product. We used them to focus design and research investment for Beta and to align PM, engineering, and content around what it would take to earn autonomy rather than simply request it. Beta research later confirmed that these three areas were where we needed to invest, and that weak design in any of them created adoption friction, especially for customers without strong affinity for LLM tools.

TLDR

  • Turned Alpha learnings into three focused bets: trust-building signals, agent activity visibility, and outreach previews.
  • Used this trust framework to guide Beta design and reduce adoption friction for customers new to LLM-based products.

Solving Enterprise Control In Twenty Four Hours

Time to GA feature freeze 1 week
Time to find a direction 24 hours

Late in Q1 FY26, a research readout from several enterprise customers surfaced a hard constraint. They would not adopt Sourcing Assistant if they could not see and approve the candidates the agent wanted to contact on their behalf. They wanted a shortlist inside the workflows they already used, not an agent sending cold outreach in their name without an approval step.

We were one week from GA feature freeze when this landed. Product leadership initially wanted to ship without addressing it to protect scope. The UX team argued that ignoring it would put GA metrics at risk, and we were given twenty four hours to find a direction that could ship.

In that window, I pulled the lead UX team into a working session and reviewed their first idea, which added a new candidate review paradigm on top of the three we already had. That would have fragmented the experience further. I rejected that route and redirected the team to solve for shortlist inside the existing Projects surface, which was already the primary candidate management space in the enterprise product.

That afternoon we produced three Projects based concepts and put them in front of users. Feedback was unanimous in favor of the Projects direction. After the sessions, engineering flagged a feasibility concern. I approved a small pivot that preserved the core concept and handled the constraint. At the end of the US work day, our lead designer handed the work to a lead in Tokyo, who fleshed out interaction details and edge cases overnight. We woke up to a complete, validated feature that engineering could pick up before freeze.

Shortlist shipped as part of Projects in GA. Enterprise customers got the approval control they had asked for in a surface they already trusted, and we avoided introducing another review paradigm into an already complex system.

The Projects feature in Smart Sourcing showing Sourcing Assistant candidates queued for employer review, inside the surface employers already used for manual candidate management
Candidate review inside Projects, the surface employers already knew for managing candidates. Sourcing Assistant shortlisted candidates here rather than introducing a new review paradigm.

TLDR

  • Responded to a late enterprise requirement for candidate approval with a 24-hour concept, test, and decision cycle.
  • Kept the shortlist experience inside the existing Projects surface to preserve coherence and still ship on time for GA.

Building Rapid Discovery So Research Could Keep Up

Traditional research cadence Weeks
Rapid Discovery loop 48–72 hours

Within the first month of Alpha, it was obvious that the existing research cadence could not keep pace with the product. Studies often took weeks from question to readout. The Sourcing Assistant surface could change multiple times in a week, and we were shipping new flows before we had meaningful feedback on the old ones.

I asked my UXR manager counterpart to help me build a Rapid Discovery process that compressed this into a forty eight to seventy two hour loop. We staffed a small pod with a designer and a researcher, then coached them on ways to move faster without compromising objectivity.

With the introduction of AI tools into the process, we were able to test concepts very quickly. In addition to rapidly creating wireframes and prototypes, we were able to create interactive interfaces that focused users on specific elements that we were testing. For example, we created a prototype that tested an activity feed to judge the level of detail and cadence that felt trustworthy and useful to employers.

Rapid Discovery filled the gap between traditional research and the pace of an AI product. It kept the agent tightly coupled to real behavior instead of assumptions and helped us avoid large, unvalidated bets. Over time, other teams adopted the same pattern for their own fast paced work.

Activity feed detail showing agent sourcing actions and candidate contact history with finalized copy
Activity feed detail with copy finalized through Rapid Discovery sessions, giving employers a real-time view of what the agent was doing on their behalf.

TLDR

  • Replaced a weeks-long research cadence with a 48–72 hour Rapid Discovery loop.
  • Used targeted prototypes and AI-accelerated testing to keep the agent tightly coupled to real employer behavior.

The Automation Tradeoff

The deepest tension in this cycle was around automation versus human-in-the-loop.

UX position

Staged automation

Users would not adopt full automation on day one. They needed to opt in gradually: automation on-switches at each stage of the funnel, each one earned by trust built in the prior step.

Product position

All-or-nothing switch

Staged automation would look too similar to the manual product. Forcing the issue on autonomy would move customers faster than inviting them to stall in a manual mental model.

The decision went toward the all-or-nothing switch and Beta shipped that way. We tried to compensate through trust-building copy and visible agent activity, but it was not enough. Beta research confirmed what Alpha research indicated: customers require either heavy hand-holding or a strong affinity for LLM-based products to trust an all-or-nothing agent. Product leadership came around as soon as data and sentiment came in to support it. GA shipped without staged automation, but the team began exploring where and when to introduce human-in-the-loop moments.

I had the right instinct about the system, but I did not have the right behavioral data at the right moment to shift the decision.

In retrospect, a small, targeted pre-Beta study on how customers wanted to progress into automation would have given me stronger footing for a choice that affected trust, adoption, and risk across the entire product.

TLDR

  • Advocated for staged automation while the product initially shipped with an all-or-nothing switch.
  • Learned to front-load behavioral evidence for system-level decisions that affect trust, adoption, and risk.

Outcomes

We hit GA on the accelerated timeline, and the results validated the product-market fit behind it. Sourcing Assistant automated the tedious, time consuming parts of finding qualified candidates, the problem employers had been asking us to solve all along.

2.9× more likely to be hired if sourced by AI
6 days faster average time to hire
7–12 hrs saved per week on sourcing, per employer

Private Case Study

Aligning Two Flagship Launches Through Platform Influence

Used Steering Committee authority and coalition-building to re-sequence a peer team's roadmap, eliminating throwaway code and aligning two major launches.

Role: UX Director Scope: Cross-team alignment Impact: ~$2.5M savings

The full case study is shared selectively. Get in touch for access.

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Case Study

Moving a Chatbot Product Beyond Its Modality


Role UX Director, Talent Scout
Company Large global employment platform
Team UX Design: 3 (2 lead, 1 senior)
Research: 1 (senior)
Content: 2 (senior, mid)
Timeframe August 2025 – May 2026
The Talent Scout entry point button in the employer platform

I joined the Talent Scout team in summer 2025, a few weeks after our flagship user conference had put the product in front of the world as the star of the show. The conference did what it was supposed to do: customers were excited. The problem was what they were excited about. The demos had previewed capabilities the shipped product didn't have, inside a chat interface employers assumed would be more capable than it was. They left with a mental model the live product couldn't match. When rollout ramped that fall, engagement landed well below what leadership had projected.

Ninety to ninety-five percent of employers were never opening the Talent Scout chat. That number became the frame for everything that followed.

The Situation

Talent Scout chatbot interface as shown at FutureWorks 2025

The market was already moving past the chatbot modality. Gemini and similar products were shifting toward LLM intelligence embedded inside familiar workflows, where chat was one surface among many rather than the product itself. The companies doing chat well were increasingly building for consumers who had opted into that interaction model. Talent Scout's customers were enterprise hiring managers who had not.

Scaled against the roughly 1.3 million employers active on the platform each week, the absolute numbers were stark: a few thousand weekly users for a product that had been the centerpiece of our flagship conference. And even among employers who did engage, fewer than four in ten conversations resolved what they'd come to do. The question was what Talent Scout should actually be, and what shape it needed to take.

TLDR

  • The audience had never opted into the chat interaction model: against ~1.3M employers active weekly, Scout had a few thousand weekly users, and fewer than half of those conversations succeeded.
  • The market was shifting toward LLM intelligence embedded in existing workflows, with chat as one surface among many.

My Role

I was the UX Director for Talent Scout across the FY26 planning cycle. My job was to reframe what the product needed to be, lead the UX team through that reframe, build alignment across product, engineering, research, and executive leadership, and secure the architectural investment to make it real.

The Planning Onsite

The FY26 planning onsite was where the direction had to be set. Going in, I wanted to change two things about how the session would run.

Redirected the agenda

The initial plan was to work from an unfocused list of hypothetical product improvements. I proposed grounding the roadmap in the highest-priority employer jobs-to-be-done instead, prioritized by customer and business value. I tapped our senior UXR to facilitate a JTBD workshop that aligned the team on the most impactful areas that Talent Scout could realistically pursue.

Secured the right people

I pushed for budget to bring three UX leads to the onsite. That wasn't the default in a cross-functional planning session, and I had to make the case for why their presence would change the quality of the decisions. Design and research were in the room for every strategic pivot, and the pivots were better for it.

With those JTBDs on the table, I framed the product direction conversations around a single question: when is chat a superior interaction compared to a GUI, and when is it inferior? That moved the conversation away from "how do we improve the chatbot" and toward "what is the chatbot actually good for, and what does everything else need to become?"

The answer was clear enough. Chat worked well for back-and-forth explanation, complex multi-step reasoning, and connecting siloed systems. Against most of the highest-priority employer JTBDs, it fell short. Discovery ("what can this thing do for me?") is an inherent issue with chatbots, and a conversational interface couldn't match the information density a well-designed GUI could deliver at a glance. Four directions emerged from the conversations:

Off-platform chatbot

Scout embedded inside ATS partner platforms, meeting employers inside the workflow they already used rather than asking them to leave it.

On-platform chatbot

The existing product as shipped: freestanding chat on the employer platform, with UX improvements layered on top.

Embedded intelligence

Scout's AI woven into existing employer surfaces, contextual and surface-aware, integrated into workflows employers already used.

Contextual widgets

Targeted intelligence on specific pages, with chat as an optional escalation path for tasks that genuinely required it. Nobody had been working on this. Against the JTBDs on the table, most of the team left convinced it was the biggest opportunity.

That conclusion had an architectural consequence. Talent Scout's existing single-agent chat architecture couldn't support embedded or contextual widget directions without a rebuild. I worked with engineering and data science leads to bring this forward. The CTO endorsed the move from a single-agent model to an orchestrator-plus-tooling model. Engineering would need about a month to build it.

TLDR

  • Reframed the onsite agenda around employer JTBDs, which made clear that the chatbot couldn't achieve what mattered most to customers.
  • The onsite produced a new product direction and a CTO-endorsed architecture rebuild to support it.

Building the Vision

Engineering needed about a month to build the new architecture, and product work would have to pause while they did. I used that window to have the lead UX designer work exclusively on a vision for what the new product could become. She had the product depth, the design craft, and the cross-functional relationships to own that work. My job was to stay close enough to sharpen her thinking without crowding it. I pushed back on framings that weren't landing, redirected when the work drifted, and made space for her best ideas to develop into something the organization could get behind.

The onsite had surfaced a dozen potential directions within the contextual widget frame. I worked with her to narrow to a small set of themes grounded in where Scout's intelligence could actually create value. That meant the job posting funnel, candidate review, hiring goal tracking, and the return-user experience. Her instinct was to design forward from what the product could already do. I pushed her to work backward from a specific persona's journey instead, using employer research as the anchor. That reframe produced the persona-driven structure that defined the vision.

I also worked to protect the conditions for the work itself. Despite the pause in the team's normal work, I worked with our PM partner to hold air cover so she could stay focused on vision rather than getting absorbed into every emergent request. Getting her in front of the adjacent teams whose products Scout would eventually depend on and build for kept the vision from developing in isolation from the surfaces it would actually live inside.

By April 2026, the framing had landed. Scout's intelligence would become infrastructure embedded across the employer platform, with chat as one surface among several rather than the product itself.

Vision explorations showing Scout's intelligence embedded across employer platform surfaces
An example of an embedded intelligence element added to the Job Posting flow. Image blurred to preserve confidentiality of unreleased work.

TLDR

  • Used the architecture build window to have the lead designer work exclusively on vision, free from day-to-day product requests.
  • Directed her toward a persona-driven frame rather than a capability-forward one, and connected her to partner teams to keep the work grounded.

Testing the Shapes With AI Tools

Figma Make
Cursor
Claude Code

To test whether the contextual widget direction could actually replace the chat interface, we needed prototypes with enough fidelity to surface real interaction problems, and static screens wouldn't get us there.

The team had been picking up AI tools as they came out, and we put them to use here. In Figma Make, we built interactive prototypes of all four product shapes, going deep enough to explore how each handled the job posting funnel, candidate review, and the return-user experience. Working across multiple directions in parallel without handoff overhead meant we could stay close to the ideas while they were still alive.

We moved to Cursor to build working website demos, which gave us a fidelity level Figma couldn't match. From there, we wired actual Talent Scout chatbot input and output directly to the new UI concepts through Claude Code, so research sessions ran against real Scout responses. When an employer asked the interface a question, Scout answered it. That grounded the research in actual product behavior rather than a simulation of it.

TLDR

  • Ran a fidelity escalation from Figma Make to Cursor to Claude Code to test the contextual widget concepts against real employer workflows.
  • Wiring actual Talent Scout chatbot I/O to the new UIs through Claude Code grounded the research in real product behavior.

The Harder Part

External team alignment was the operational challenge. As Scout moved into pages it didn't own, it needed the partnership of teams who did. A handful of teams moved early and willingly, but others were a harder sell. They all had their own roadmaps and legitimate concerns about a cross-cutting product layer adding complexity to experiences they were accountable for.

Our approach was to show up as a partner rather than another initiative competing for space on someone else's roadmap. The plan was to build trust from strength to strength. Each team that integrated and validated the patterns from the vision became proof we could point to in the next conversation. We backed this with a shared interaction library, a set of components and patterns any team across the employer experience could adopt to bring Scout's intelligence into their own product on their own terms.

TLDR

  • External team partnership was the open challenge. Teams had their own roadmaps and legitimate concerns about added complexity.
  • The plan was to build trust from strength to strength, backed by a shared interaction library teams could adopt to bring Scout's intelligence into their own products.

Outcomes

  • Reoriented the team's understanding of success to focus on successful interactions based on a prioritized list of JTBD
  • Delivered a product vision grounded in how employers think about their work, giving partner teams a foundation to build toward without starting from scratch
  • Upskilled the team to incorporate AI tools into UX processes to dramatically accelerate discovery.
  • Built a library of interactive elements any product team can drop into existing views to add Scout's intelligence without a custom build

I left Talent Scout in May 2026 with the architecture launched and the roadmap set, but the work was just getting started. The team still had to prove the patterns would work in the wild.

Private Case Study

Guiding a Team to Survive Multiple Simultaneous Transitions

Navigated a reorg, four senior departures, and a mid-launch lead transition without losing delivery velocity.

Role: UX Director Scope: Organizational design Timeline: 18 months

The full case study is shared selectively. Get in touch for access.

Incorrect password

James Hafner

[email protected] · Austin, TX

Download Resume ↗

Strategic UX Executive with 10+ years leading high-performing design teams that drive measurable business outcomes. I've scaled organizations across B2B and B2C environments, transforming complex challenges into revenue-generating solutions. My leadership centers on developing talent, fostering cross-functional collaboration, and aligning design strategies with business objectives.

Experience
Director of User Experience Jun 2022 – May 2026 Indeed

Promoted twice to lead UX across Indeed's core business verticals on both sides of the marketplace. Shipped two core AI B2B products.

  • Led UX strategy and scaled international design teams across 4 business units (Job Discovery, Matching, Sourcing, Employer Journey) serving 300+ million users annually.
  • Shipped two zero-to-one AI-powered products to millions of employers: Sourcing Assistant (automated candidate sourcing) and Talent Scout (employer AI assistant), reducing time-to-hire by an average of 6 days.
  • Delivered 9.8% lift to Sourcing revenue in FY24 through user-centered product improvements, new market expansion, and new product launches.
  • Coordinated UX strategy and craft direction across a 16-person org spanning design, research, and content design on Indeed's AI employer products.
UX Design Manager, Job Discovery Feb 2020 – Jun 2022 Indeed

Responsible for the UX of two of the highest-trafficked job seeker surfaces on Indeed.com.

  • Directed a product feature that led to a 20% lift in world-wide job seeker account growth.
  • Directed the design and roll-out of the homepage Job Feed, improving relevant job delivery outcomes by 41% and providing a significant lift to sponsored job revenue.
  • Doubled the size of my team and revamped the UX hiring process for the Job Seeker GM.
Creative Director Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 Medici Technologies

Rebuilt and led the design team, and worked alongside executives on product and business strategy. I helped design patent-pending innovations in healthcare tech.

  • Designed, co-wrote, and created collateral that the CEO used to raise $23M.
  • Retooled processes and renegotiated software contracts, reducing UX costs by 98% while improving collaboration.
  • Led the creation of the design system for the iOS, Android, and web applications.
Creative Director Oct 2016 – Dec 2018 Chiron Health

Player/coach responsible for UX/IA Design and partnering on product strategy.

  • Designed and built a greenfield product prototype that the CEO used for Series A talks. Ultimately led to company's acquisition by Medici Technologies.
  • Redesigned a key product experience improving appointment completion rates from 80% to 98%.
Interactive Agencies Jul 2012 – Jan 2016

Player/coach in various startups, involved in product strategy, frontend development, and UX.

  • Designed and built apps that were #1 in the app store for clients such as the United Nations, DreamWorks, WB, Ellen DeGeneres, and Katy Perry.
Education
Missouri State University 2001 – 2005

BA in Electronic Arts · Springfield, MO